This article is from 2015 (last updated in 2018) - well before COVID-19 and certainly well before the current vax/anti-vax debate. I'm not saying that the vaccines aren't helpful or needed or whatever, but it's interesting how it gives another layer to why things like smallpox and polio have been eradicated (in the west, anyway), and there's more to it than a vaccine alone.
It's interesting, that when COVID-19 first hit, the first and foremost advice given to avoid it was WASH YOUR FREAKING HANDS! If you look at the CDC's web site, that's still the first bit of advice given, followed by social distancing. Mask wearing follows those two, and those are the only two prevention methods that have been consistent throughout the pandemic. Unfortunately, people are stupid and don't wash their hands, sneeze into their hands, and spread things through ways that are otherwise easily prevented, and you can't enforce that, but you can enforce masks, so that's where the efforts focus, but if people still lower their mask to wipe their noses with their hands, don't wash their hands, and proceed to handle things around the office, school, etc, then the masks do no good. Similarly to people handling the outside of the mask where all the germs end up accumulating.
Again, not saying that we don't need the vaccine - I think there are people for whom the vaccine and/or mask wearing can be beneficial (when done properly), but this just reminds us that a little common sense and basic personal hygiene could go a long way!
Vaccines get all the glory, but most plumbers will tell you that it was water infrastructure – sewage systems and clean water - that eradicated disease, and they’re right.